The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is issuing a health alert regarding increases in human parvovirus B19 within the United States. Parvovirus B19 is a respiratory virus that is transmitted through respiratory droplets (ex. coughing or sneezing) by infected patients or through blood, including from mother to child during pregnancy. Historically, people working in schools and in close contact with children (e.g., daycare workers and teachers) have had high occupational risk of infection.
Many people who are infected remain asymptomatic. A person is most contagious during the first few days of symptoms. In the first phase of illness, approximately seven days after infection and lasting about five days, symptoms include fever, muscle pain, and tiredness. During the second phase, approximately 7–10 days after the first phase, children often present with a facial rash. Other symptoms include a body rash or joint pain. Most people require only supportive care during the acute phase of illness and will recover completely. There is no vaccine or treatment that can prevent parvovirus B19 infection.
People are unlikely to be contagious after they get later symptoms such as a rash and joint pain. It is usually safe to go back to work or school once the rash appears. People who are infected and have weakened immune systems may be contagious for a longer time.
The CDC recommends:
- Those who are pregnant, have a chronic blood disorder, or a weakened immune system to seek medical care immediately if they present symptoms of parvovirus B19.
- Healthcare providers should look out for and test all patients who present with compatible signs and symptoms.
- The public to wash their hands and stay home if they feel sick. If you must leave your home, make sure to wear a mask to prevent spread.
- The public to disinfect surfaces and prevent the sharing of personal items that transmit respiratory droplets, such as cups or utensils.