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COVID-19

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, more commonly known as COVID-19, is a respiratory illness that is spread through the air by droplets. Long COVID refers to the longer term symptoms some patients experience after the initial infection.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illness in people. Human coronaviruses are not new, they are common throughout the world and typically cause mild to moderate illnesses. The novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, is a new respiratory virus first identified in December 2019 as the cause of an outbreak in China. The most common symptoms include fever, tiredness, dry cough, and difficulty breathing. Some patients may also have aches and pains, runny nose, nasal congestions, sore throat or diarrhea.

People with chronic lung conditions are often at a higher risk of developing complications from respiratory infections. The immune system’s ability to fight off infections can be compromised, making it more difficult for the body to recover. This can lead to severe illness, hospitalization, and in some cases, life-threatening situations. Add air pollution and the risk becomes even more serious.

Vaccines work by preparing your immune system to recognize and fight off bacteria and viruses. The COVID-19 vaccination is available year round. If you have had the virus, it is recommended to wait three months after infection to receive your vaccination. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about the options that are available to you, including the need for booster vaccinations.

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Who should get the COVID-19 vaccine?

COVID-19 continues to pose the greatest risk to people who are older or have certain medical conditions. Staying up to date with vaccination can help reduce your chances of serious illness, hospitalization, and long-term complications. 

The FDA has approved updated COVID-19 vaccines for the 2026–2027 season. The vaccines target the XFG strain, a descendant of the JN.1 strain, to better protect against the COVID-19 strains currently circulating. 

Updated COVID-19 vaccines for the 2026–2027 season are available from Pfizer, Moderna, and Novavax. 

The 2025–2026 COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for: 

  • All adults ages 19–64 
  • Adults age 65 and older, with a second dose recommended six months later 
  • Adults with chronic health conditions, including asthma, COPD, heart disease, or diabetes 
  • People with weakened immune systems 
  • People who are pregnant, considering pregnancy, postpartum, or breastfeeding 
  • Healthcare workers 

Vaccination is also recommended for: 

  • All children ages 6 through 23 months 
  • Children and teens ages 2–18 years who are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 
  • Children and teens ages 2–18 years who are not at increased risk but whose families would like them to be vaccinated 

Talk with your healthcare provider about which vaccine schedule is right for you or your family. 

    Long COVID

    Long COVID is the diagnosis given to people whose symptoms persist or return in the weeks to months following an initial coronavirus infection. It is also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19, or long haul COVID. Many people start to experience symptoms as soon as just a few weeks after an initial infection, but for others, symptoms may not appear for a few months. Research is ongoing and there is still much to learn, however, studies to date suggest that those at greater risk for developing Long COVID include people who have had a severe case of COVID-19, those who had health conditions prior to a COVID-19 infection, those who are unvaccinated, and people who are prone to inflammation. Even though certain groups may be at a higher risk, Long COVID affects every person differently.

    Learn more from the CDC about living with Long COVID.

    There is a wide array of symptoms and side effects associated with Long COVID. The hundreds of Long COVID symptoms can be sorted into the following categories:

      Respiratory Issues:

      • Shortness of breath
      • Persistent cough
      • Lung damage

      Cognitive dysfunction:

      • Chronic fatigue and tiredness
      • Difficulty thinking or concentrating
      • Dizziness
      • Insomnia or sleep issues

      Psychological Problems:

      • Anxiety
      • Depression
      • Mood changes

      Neurological Problems:

      • Fatigue/brain fog
      • Headache
      • Myalgias
      • Loss of taste or smell or other sensory deficits
      • Nervous system dysfunction

      Other Challenges:

      • Malaise (fatigue from over exertion)
      • Heart palpitations
      • Stomach or chest pain
      • Joint or muscle pain